Ezicathulweni Zabo Imishanguzo yezingane- okuqondaniswe nokuhlanganyela komphakathi

Ngasekupheleni kuka 2003 ithimba elakhewe ngokuhlanganyela yizinhlangano ezingancike kuHululumenilelthula phambi kwePhalamende izincomo ngamalungelo nezinselelo ngokuphathelene nokubhekelwa kokwelashwa kwezinganenentsha belashelwa iSandulelangculazi ngokwahlukahlukana kweminyaka yabo: izinsana (ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3), abantwana abancane (3-6) abasezikoleni zamabanga aphansi, (7-11) izingane ezikhulakhulile, (12-14) intsha esencane, (15-18) intsha esikhulile. Bagqamise kakhulu isidingo sokunikeza leso naleso sigaba ukwesekwa banakekelwe ngemishanguzo (ARV), bazizwe bephilile emoyeni nasephefumulweni ngokuthi baye njalo emakliniki, belulekwe nezindlela ezifanelekile basekelane ngamaqembu babuye bathole nokwelulekwa okujulile.

ISandulelangculazi neNgculazi kululaza izinhlaka ezibhekela amalungelo okungabandlululwa kwabantwana, ukuphila nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokubamba iqhaza babe yingxenye yanoma yini ephathelene nabo. Abantwana abasengcupheni kuhlanganiswa abangondingasithebeni, abangamakhanda amakhaya, abanganakekelwe nabangenamindeni badinga ukusukunyelwa phezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bathola ukudla okwanele, indawo yokukhosela, uthando, imfundo kanye nosizo lokwelashwa. Isimo okubhekenwe naso njengamaje yileso esiphuthayo sokufa kwabondli bemindeni nabadala bebulawa yiNgculazi kusale izingane zibhekane nobuphofu, indlala, ukusalela emuva ngokufunda, ukungabikho kwemali yeholo nokuhlenga abagulayo. Iningi lezingane zihlolelwa iSandulelangculazi ngaphandle kwemvume yazo bese kuthi imiphumela yaziswe abanye zingaziswa lutho zona ngalokho kwenziwe izinqumo ezimayelana nokugcinwa nokuhlaliswa kwazo kungaboniswananga nazo. Intsha esuke inganakekelwe abazali iyashesha ukuzigaxa ezindabeni zocansi bese itheleleka ngesifo, abadinga ukwelashelwa iSandulelangculazi, babhekana nobunzima obukhulu ngezezimali ukusebenza komthetho nezenhlalakahle lokhu okwenza ukuthi bakhandleke kakhulu emzimbeni, engqondweni nasemphefumulweni.

Ukubonelela izingane nentsha ngokwelashwa, ukunakekelwa nokukhathelelwa njengoba kufanele ikakhulukazi ezintulayo, kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lubonisa ukuthi ukuba neSandulelangculazi ezinganeni kwenza ukuba zisheshe ukuhlaselwa wukugula kunabadala, ngenxa yokuthi igciwane ligubuzela imizimba yazo nesikhashana esingaba yizinyangana nje akuthathi minyaka njengoba kwenzeka kwabadala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imizimba yezingane isuke ingakahlumeleli ngokuphelele njengeyabadala bese isheshe izwela ukukhandleka. Ukuvimbela lokhu nokuthunaza amandla esifo, odokotela eYunivesithi yaKwa-Zulu Natal bafundisisa ngezindlela zokuhlolisisa abantwana abancane kubhekwe ukuthi abathelelekanga ngokwesifo ukuze basheshe banikwe amabinzana emishanguzo ukulwa negciwane nokuqininsa imizimba yabo. Imibiko esitholakele ikhomba ukuthi abantwana abathole imishanguzo ezikhungweni ezinjeSinikithemba esesibhedlela esiseMc Cords eThekwini bakhombisa ukuphila kahle ngalemishanguzo futhi bayanonophala, abakhishwa yizisu kanti futhi ababinayo ngisho lenkwethu yasemlonyeni edalwa yizifo ezihlobene neNgculazi. Isibalo samashosha abo egazi siba phezulu bese kuthi umfutho amandla egciwane abe phansi kanti baziqinele futhi baphapheme. Amaphesenti angu5,5 kuphela izingane ezithola ukungaphatheki kahle ngenxa yemishanguzo- njengokucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo, ukuphathwa yikhanda, ubumuncu bamathe emlonyeni, inkwantshu ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ukuqubuka esikhumbeni kanye nokuphendukelwa yisisu. Isibalo sephesenti kwabadala sona siphezulu kanti kkwabaningi lokhu kungaphatheki kahle kuthatha amasonto ambalwa nje bese kudlula futhi.

Nakuba imishanguzo ingaselaphi iSandulelangculazi neNgculazi kepha iyenza ukuba abagulayo bathole ithuba elide lokuba sempilweni efanele nenhle. Uhlelo lwemishanguzo yabantwana akuyona neze into elula: kumele kunikezwe isilinganiso esiyiso esizokwazi ukusetshenziswa wumzimba womntwana kanti lokhu kwehlukile ezilinganisweni zemishanguzo ezinikwa abadala. Uma kunokwenzeka ukuthi umntwana aphuthwe ukuthatha isilinganiso somshanguzo sangaleyo nkathi, amandla omuthi ayehla emzimbeni besekuthi igciwane lithole ithuba lokuzishintsha shintsha lizifihle umuthi ungabe usakwazi ukulithola egazini futhi ungabe usasebenza. Kumele kube khona umnakekeli ozozinikela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ithatha umuthi ngesilinganiso esifanele njalo nganezikhathi ezifanele, namanzi noma nokudla njengoba kufanele. Aqikelele ukuthi ithola isikhathi esanele sokuphumula futhi uyawuhambela njalo umtholampilo. Ukuze ingane ikwazi ukwamukela lokhu njengento ezobhekena nayo impilo yayo yonke nokuthi iqondisise ngemiphumela yokungahambisani naloluhlelo, kudinegka ukubakhona komuntu okhulile onothando, ulwazi noqeqeshekile ukuphendula imibuzo yayo ngendlela eyiyo neyamukelekile futhi ozokumela ukubhekana nenkani enganeni. Njengoba kuya ngokuya kubalula ukutholakala kokwelashelwa iSandulelangculazi ezinganeni nakwabadala, kusemahlombe omphakathi wonke ezingeni onke ukulekelelana nabasebenzi bezempilo ukusabalalisa lolusizo. Ngokusebenza ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zemiphakathi, izinhlaka zezempilo, nabamabhizinisi bangakwazi ukwenza lula ukunikezelwa kolwazi, ukufundiswa ngokwelashwa, imizamo yokuthuthukisa nokuxhaswa komphakathi kanjalo nokunikezelwa kwezinsiza lapho abantu behlala khona. Ukushisekela nokuqiniswa kokuxhumana emiphakathini yikho okungafezekisa lombono.

[Ikhishwe ku: Health-e News, Children’s Rights Centre, Children First, International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Joint Civil Society Network]

Izikhali ezakhayo, amaphimbo abantwana neSandulelangculazi neNgculazi:
UBUCIKO OBUNOMPHUMELA OPHEZULU

IHIVAN isisungule uchungechuge lwezifundo zamakhono kubantwana abaneSandulelangculazi neNgculazi ngokusebenzisa ubuciko bamasikko njengendlela yokuqinisa ubuntu kubona, isethembiso samandla, kanye nokubavulela inkundla yezindaba zabo ngokuzithola benesifo, ukuphumela obala nesimo sabo, ngokubambelela emishanguzweni nangokuphila neSandulelangculazi neNgculazi. Umphumela walezizifundo zobuciko ezithathe iizinyanga eziyishumi nambili(12) kube wukuhlanganiswa nokukhishwa kwencwadi yokuqala ochungechungeni lwezincwadi ezibhalelwe abasebancane imibhalo nemidwebo yazo eyenziwe ngakade bethamele lezizifundo.

Ukusungula loluhlelo iHIVAN iqale ngokuvuleleka, yazihlanganisa yase yakha ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali babantwana, ababheki babantwana, othisha, odokotela osonhlalakahle nabagcini babantwana, bonke behlanganiswe amaphimbo alezizingane kulephrojekhti. Abaqeqeshi bafundiswe ukukhombisa abantwana izindlela zokuzibalula ezinobuciko njengokuxoxa izindaba, ukusebenza ngamaqembu, ukulingisa, ubuciko bokubumba, ukudlala eshashalazini nokubhala ibhukwana elingaye. Ukwenza kube lula ukuthatha imishanguzo, bazakhele amashadi okuthatha amaphilisi namabhokisana amaphilisi ukuze bakusebenzise lokhu njengezikhali zokuzikhumbuza.

Ukuhlanganyela ngaloluhlobo kubavule amahlo, izandla, izinhliziyo kanye nemizingqondo bebonke, ukuze bazazi kangcono umuntu bona uqobo baphinde bazi kangcono ngomunye umuntu njengoba lokhu kungafaniswa nokuthi basohambeni olulodwa ngemicabango, ngemizwa nezinkolelo. Lokhu kubasize ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye futhi bazizwe beyingxenye nabanikazi beqembu ingane ngayinye nangokwayo.

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